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Two cases of emphysematous cystitis with urinary bladder rupture

Ngo XT, Vu DH, Duong NX, Le PND, Pham DM, Dobbs RW, Ly HT, Nguyen HP et al.

Oxford medical case reports, 2026

Abstract

Spontaneous urinary bladder rupture due to emphysematous cystitis is a rare and life-threatening complication, which often presents with atypical symptoms leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We present two cases of middle-aged Vietnamese females who initially presented with emphysematous cystitis and whose clinical course was complicated by spontaneous urinary bladder rupture as well as a literature review of this uncommon life-threatening urologic complication. Urinary bladder rupture is an uncommon condition which may occur from instrumentation, infection or idiopathic etiologies and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Our cases highlight the need for multidisciplinary coordination to manage underlying diseases and in-depth timely evaluation to detect and address potential complications that may arise.

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