Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in T2DM with established cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment approaches are required for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) because these two diseases pose a big health issue for humans. Various medications, but with limitations in their efficacy, are available for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases, but a drug, empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, has shown promising benefits for patients with T2DM and CVD, highlighting the need for a thorough review of its efficacy and safety.
METHODS: We searched online databases till 30 June 2024, and a total of 15 trials involving 8296 participants were included in this study. Evaluating the changes in HbA1c was a main concern of our study, while weight-related metrics [such as body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI)], cardiovascular indicators [like systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), changes in left ventricular ejection fraction %, and heart rate], and various laboratory values [including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), C-reactive protein (CRP), hematocrit, estimated glomerular filtration rate] were considered as secondary assessments.
RESULTS: Our study concluded that empagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c levels [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.62, 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.30, I 2 = 85%, P = 0.0001], indicating improved glycemic control. Additionally, a reduction in body weight was also noted (SMD = -2.32, 95% CI = -3.42 to -1.21, I 2 = 54%, P < 0.0001). The drug…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 8,296 participants or records.
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