Update and summary of the EAU/ESPU paediatric guidelines on urinary tract infection in children
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
These guidelines aim to provide a practical approach for both diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections (UTI).
OBJECTIVE
To highlight 2025 update of the Guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) on UTI in children.
METHODS
A structured literature review was performed for all relevant litterature from the last update (2021) up to 20th February 2024.
KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS
UTIs represent the most common bacterial infections in children. The leading causative organism is Escherichia Coli (E. Coli), however, other bacteria have been increasing in prevalence, as has the prevalence of multi-resistent E. Coli infections. UTIs can be classified in several ways including upper vs. lower urinary tract UTIs; febrile vs. non febrile UTIs; first vs. recurrent vs. breakthrough episode; typical vs. atypical. Urine samples for analysis can be collected by urine bag, clean catch, catheterization, or suprapubic aspiration. Methods for urinalysis include dipstick, microscopy and flow imaging analysis technology. Each collection and analysis method has its own advanatages and drawbacks. Microscopic urinalysis is recommended after a positive dipstick test. In terms of additional investigations, the Panel generally recommends a renal and bladder ultrasound after an initial febrile UTI, whereas additional investigations should be considered based on the characteristics of the patient and…
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