Clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Abstract
Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an intrinsically multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes clinically significant infections, particularly in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. The independent contributions of prior antimicrobial exposure and early active therapy to mortality remain uncertain. This study evaluated clinical characteristics, antimicrobial exposure patterns, empirical treatment appropriateness, and mortality-associated factors in patients with clinically confirmed S. maltophilia infection.
Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 458 hospitalized patients with confirmed S. maltophilia infection at a tertiary hospital between 1st June 2023 to 31st July 2025. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, infection-related variables, prior antimicrobial exposure, empirical treatment regimens, laboratory indicators, antimicrobial susceptibility results, and in-hospital outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality, with particular attention to prior carbapenem exposure and the appropriateness of initial empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Results: Overall in-hospital mortality was 11.8% (54/458). Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older, had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and more frequently presented with severe clinical features,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 458 participants or records.
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