Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels in Children with Urinary Tract Infection without Confounding Factors: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are extremely prevalent bacterial infections among children. They have numerous potential causes. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, UTIs can lead to serious complications in children, including impaired growth, high blood pressure, protein in urine, and eventual chronic kidney disease. Zinc and vitamin D in sufficient concentrations help to maintain the health of the immune system. Therefore, their deficiency can cause various infections. Several factors can contribute to the development of UTIs. This article deals with the role of zinc and vitamin D as immune markers in UTI in children without other risk factors. Methods In this case-control study, serum zinc and vitamin D levels without any other risk factors were examined in 40 healthy children and 40 children with UTIs. Data analysis was done through SPSS 26 using the chi-square, the Fisher’s exact, and independent t tests. Results The study findings demonstrated a statistically significant distinction between the 2 groups regarding serum vitamin D and zinc levels (P < 0.001); 80% of children with UTIs and 17.5% in the healthy group had vitamin D deficiency. Also, 60% of the urinary infection group had zinc deficiency, whereas 17.5% of the healthy group had it. Conclusion Low serum zinc and vitamin D levels may increase susceptibility to pediatric UTI. Given the data, supplementation with zinc and vitamin D could play a significant role in treating active infections and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 40 participants or records.
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