Associations Between U.S. Women’s Toileting Behaviors and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of RISE for HEALTH Study Data
Abstract
Introduction: Toileting behaviors are recognized as potential contributors to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. This study examines the association between toileting behaviors and LUTS among community-dwelling women and whether age modifies these associations. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using baseline data from a population-based cohort study, RISE FOR HEALTH (RISE). Women completed validated questionnaires assessing toileting behaviors (Toileting Behaviors-Women’s Elimination Behaviors scale) and LUTS (10-item Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network—Symptom Index [LURN SI-10]). Toileting behaviors included place preference for voiding, premature voiding, delayed voiding, straining to void, and toileting position. LUTS items included urine storage, emptying, and postmicturition symptoms. Associations were analyzed by proportional odds logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by seven age groupings. Results: Data from 2,327 women (mean age 51.1 years, standard deviation = 18.2) were analyzed. Delayed voiding was most strongly associated with the LURN SI-10 composite score (odds ratio [OR] 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72, 2.09) and urgency incontinence (OR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.10). Premature voiding showed the strongest association with urgency (OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.04). Straining was strongly associated with emptying symptoms, including delay before urine starts (OR 2.28; 95% CI: 2.05, 2.54) and slow stream (OR…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 2,327 participants or records.
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