Antimicrobial treatment pattern and Medications Adherence among Iraqi T2DM patients with recurrent urinary tract infection in Wasit province
Abstract
Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients due to impaired immunity, glycosuria, and chronic comorbidities. Antimicrobial resistance complicates therapy, and inappropriate use further worsens recurrence.
Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial treatment patterns, among T2DM Iraqi patients with rUTIs.
Methods: A prospective, open-label study was conducted at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and private internal medicine clinics in Wasit, Iraq, from October 2024 to June 2025. Ninety-nine patients with rUTIs were enrolled, including 58 of them with T2DM. Patients underwent structured three follow-up visits from day1 to days 7-14. Laboratory testing, urine cultures, antibiotics sensitivity test, antimicrobial prescriptions, and medication adherence (MARS) were assessed.
Results: E. coli was the most frequent uropathogen in this study. Fluoroquinolones—including levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin beside to Aminoglycoside as amikacin consistently showed the highest activity against most pathogens, particularly E. coli, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp., with sensitivity rates frequently exceeding 90%. On the contrary, a wide variety of β-lactam antibiotics, including drugs such as cefixime, Augmentin and amoxicillin, show high degrees of resistance among nearly all strains of bacteria, with the percent of resistance often exceeding 90–100%. Although there was generally moderate adherence to medication…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Association of lower urinary tract symptoms and OAB severity with quality of life and mental health in China, Taiwan and South Korea: results from a cross-sectional, population-based study
- Ten-Day Quadruple Therapy Comprising Low-Dose Rabeprazole, Bismuth, Amoxicillin, and Tetracycline Is an Effective and Safe First-Line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Population with High Antibiotic Resistance: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Trial in China
- The Role of the NLR and PLR in Urinary Tract Infection
- Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic
- Leclercia adecarboxylata urinary tract infection in a patient with bladder cancer and recurrent hematuria
- A Case Series of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in Cancer Patients at an Academic Cancer Institute in the United States
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.