Short versus longer duration antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections in companion animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Unnecessarily prolonged antibiotic durations may contribute to the development of resistance in both humans and animals. Veterinarians need evidence supporting antibiotic treatment durations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of shorter durations of antibiotic treatment to longer durations in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs and cats. Four databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and CAB Abstracts) were searched from inception to October 2nd, 2024. Studies that reported the impact of antibiotic treatments of different durations for simple UTIs in dogs or cats and reported a primary outcome of interest, specifically clinical or microbiological resolution of the UTIs, were included. For each study, two reviewers independently screened extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Random effects models were used to compare pooled risk ratios of cure rates. Of 2,324 studies screened, we identified three studies (two randomized and one nonrandomized controlled trial) which met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Studies examined only 26 animals (9 events) across their short-duration arms and 28 animals (17 events) across long-duration arms. All studies were assessed as having high or serious risk of bias. The pooled risk ratio for cure with short versus longer durations of treatment was 0.55, 95% CI: 0.23–1.27; the evidence was graded as very low certainty. Studies compared 1 to 3-day durations, 3 days to 14-day and 3 days to…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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