Schistosomiasis–Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Introduction: Schistosomiasis, a tropical disease affecting humans and animals, affected 251.4 million people in 2021. Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, and S. japonicum are primary human schistosomes, causing tissue damage, granulomas, ulceration, hemorrhage, and opportunistic pathogen entry. The gut and urinary tract microbiota significantly impact a host’s susceptibility to schistosomiasis, disrupting microbial balance; however, this relationship is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the intricate relationship between schistosomiasis and the host’s microbiota, providing crucial insights into disease pathogenesis and management. Methods: This systematic review used PRISMA guidelines to identify peer-reviewed articles on schistosomiasis and its interactions with the host microbiome, using multiple databases and Google Scholar, providing a robust dataset for analysis. The study utilized Meta-Mar v3.5.1; descriptive tests, random-effects models, and subgroups were analyzed for the interaction between Schistosomiasis and the microbiome. Forest plots, Cochran’s Q test, and Higgins’ inconsistency statistic (I2) were used to assess heterogeneity. Results: The human Schistosoma species were observed to be associated with various bacterial species isolated from blood, stool, urine, sputum, skin, and vaginal or cervical samples. A meta-analysis of the interaction between schistosomiasis and the host microbiome, based on 31…
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