Knowledge, Awareness, and Self-Reported Association Between Anxiety Symptoms and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, acid regurgitation, and extraesophageal manifestations. Psychological stress may worsen reflux symptoms by altering gastrointestinal motility, increasing esophageal sensitivity, and disrupting the brain-gut axis, while persistent reflux can negatively affect quality of life and contribute to psychological distress. Despite this evidence, public understanding of this relationship remains limited, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Aim: This study aimed to assess the self-reported relationship between anxiety symptoms and GERD-related symptoms, evaluate public awareness regarding this relationship, and identify associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among participants in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in Jeddah using a convenience nonprobability sampling technique. The minimum required sample size was calculated using G*Power software (ver. 3.1 Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; α = 0.05, power = 95%, effect size = 0.30, and five degrees of freedom), yielding a minimum of 220 participants. Data were collected through a bilingual (Arabic and English) self-administered questionnaire developed by the research team and reviewed by experts for face and content validity, as well as an electronic…
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