Iron deficiency, supplementation, and sports performance in female athletes: A systematic review
Abstract
Highlights • High-level iron deficient female athlete can experience a negative impact on endurance performance, managed by supplementing with 100 mg of elemental iron per day or bi-daily.• Decrements in maximal aerobic capacity appear to coincide with the severity of iron deficiency.• Energy efficiency, maximal work rates/ velocities, and blood lactate may be enhanced by consuming 16–60 mg of elemental iron delivered daily for a duration of 42–56 days.• Iron deficient female athletes are encouraged to consult a sports medicine practitioner or sports dietitian to limit compromises in training and competitions while also ensuring iron supplementation protocols adhere with anti-doping guidelines.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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