Efficacy of Interceptor® G2 Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Against Pyrethroid-Resistant Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.l.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Malaria is a major public health issue, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa, where long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been compromised by pyrethroid-resistant vectors of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. complex. Interceptor® G2 is a new generation alternative that is defined as a dual-insecticide LLIN with alpha-cypermethrin (100 mg/m²) and chlorfenapyr (200 mg/m²) where target-resistant vectors are killed due to a novel mode of action. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the entomological efficacy of Interceptor G2 under Phase II WHOPES experimental hut trials.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for articles published between January 1991 and July 2025. Eligible studies were English Phase II WHOPES trials of Interceptor® G2, unwashed and washed 20 times, against pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. Comparator arm controls were untreated nets, nets treated solely for chlorfenapyr, and standard Interceptor® (alpha-cypermethrin-only) nets. 72-hour lethality of mosquitoes, blood-feeding inhibition, and mosquito exit were key outcomes. Risk of bias assessment used ROBINS-I. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model (DerSimonian–Laird).
Results: Six studies were included, with study locations in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Tanzania. Interceptor® G2 (unwashed) had an edge on 72-hour mortality (OR = 47.29; 95% CI: 28.5–78.44) and…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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