Combined Heart-Lung Transplant for Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Secondary to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare occurring in approximately 1 in 14,000 cases. While PAA is frequently associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the optimal management strategy remains undefined due to the rarity of the disease.
Case summary: We report a case of a 58-year-old female with longstanding idiopathic PAH who underwent combined heart-lung transplantation to treat a rapidly expanding 8.95-cm PAA with associated cor pulmonale and severe pulmonic valve regurgitation. Graft function remained excellent; however, an ischemic stroke in the postoperative period led to significant morbidity.
Discussion: Despite the known association of PAA with PAH, specific treatment guidelines are lacking. Delay in intervention can lead to poor surgical candidacy and adverse outcomes.
Take-home messages: PAA may progress despite stable PAH hemodynamics. Combined heart-lung transplantation can be a viable option for select patients with severe PAH, giant PAA, cor pulmonale, and severe pulmonic valve regurgitation.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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