Raynaud's Phenomenon, Anticentromere Antibodies and Digital Necrosis (RACAND) Is a Distinct Clinical Syndrome From Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Abstract
The occurrence of digital necrosis and Raynaud's phenomenon with anticentromere (ACA) antibodies has been recognized as a rare clinical entity coined RACAND syndrome. Although these features occur in systemic sclerosis (SSc), RACAND syndrome lacks other features characteristic of SSc, such as sclerodactyly, skin thickening or organ involvement. Reports of this syndrome are scarce throughout the literature, with only 10 described cases of RACAND syndrome, but several more reports of digital gangrene associated with ACA lacking SSc features. In this article, we present the case of an 80-year-old woman who developed digital gangrene, with Raynaud's phenomenon and ACA in the absence of other signs and symptoms and no SSc features. The patient was diagnosed with RACAND syndrome and responded well to treatment with iloprost and moderate doses of prednisone. Additionally, a review of the available literature of similar cases is shown in order for clinicians to gain better insight of disease characteristics and possible treatment options, as there are no established treatment guidelines. The majority of patients were females of older age, mostly without medical history which would predispose them to a peripheral vasculopathy. Treatment including prostanoids might yield more promising results, however this requires further dedicated studies. We argue that RACAND syndrome is distinct from SSc and that the absence of other typical diagnostic features of SSc or other systemic autoimmune…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Drug repositioning: a brief overview
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in Drosophila melanogaster
- Time-resolved in silico modeling of fine-tuned cAMP signaling in platelets: feedback loops, titrated phosphorylations and pharmacological modulation
- Current View on Green Tea Catechins Formulations, Their Interactions with Selected Drugs, and Prospective Applications for Various Health Conditions
- In silico Structure-based Identification of Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Against Alzheimer’s Disease
- Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Controlled Release Viagra® Containing Poloxamer-188 Using Gastroplus™ PBPK Modeling Software for In Vivo Predictions and Pharmacokinetic Assessments
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.