Evaluation of Sildenafil as an Undeclared Adulterant in Herbal Aphrodisiac Preparations by HPLC
Abstract
The success in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and subsequent improvement of quality of life by the three approved phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) has led to an explosion of illicit sexual performance enhancement products. Several cases of adulteration of herbal aphrodisiac products with Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE-5) and/or their unapproved analogues’ have been reported worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate herbal aphrodisiac preparations for the presence of sildenafil in northwest Nigeria. An isocratic Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of sildenafil was adopted and modified for this study. Fifty aphrodisiac herbal preparations were sampled and screened for the presence of sildenafil. Calibration curve was found to be linear within the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml (r2 = 0.999); the method is precise (% RSD <2) and accurate (% recovery 98-100). Sixteen samples (32 %) were identified to be adulterated with sildenafil; the compounded concentrations in the products were found to be within the range of 0.4539.8 mg of sildenafil per dose. Thus, consumption of these products could lead to serious health risks; hence the need for an immediate intervention by relevant stakeholders to safeguard public health.
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