Emergence of different dimensions of sleepiness in a general population sample: An EPISONO study
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence supports the idea that sleepiness has several dimensions, comprising psychophysiological phenomena, such as sleep propensity and sleepiness perception. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is among one of the most used sleepiness assessment tools, but recent data suggest that it might not detect problematic impairments in sleep health. More research is warranted investigating sleepiness dimensions with large sample sizes, using both objective and subjective methods of analyzing sleep.
METHODS: We used data from the Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO), a major study carried out in Brazil using a representative sample of 1042 participants of the general population of Sao Paulo city, who completed questionnaires and underwent type I polysomnography. Sleepiness was measured by the ESS (sleep propensity) and the UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire, which asked about the frequency of feeling sleepy during the day (sleepiness perception). The participants were distributed into 4 groups in respect of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) according to the following criteria: 1) having an ESS score >10 (ESS group). 2) feeling sleepy ≥3 times per week (Frequent EDS group). 3) the combined criteria (Combined EDS group). 4) having no evidence of EDS (no EDS group). The UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire was used to obtain self-reported sleep duration, sleep debt, and sleep duration variability. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia…
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