The Remineralizing Effect of Toothpaste Containing Hydroxyapatite on Initial Interproximal Caries Adjacent to Different Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study
Abstract
Abstract Objectives To compare the effects of fluoride (F), fluoride toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite (F + HA), and hydroxyapatite-containing (HA) toothpastes on artificial initial interproximal carious lesions adjacent to Class II resin composite and glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations. Methods Eighty human maxillary premolar specimens with standardized 1 × 1-mm artificial carious lesions were randomized into eight groups (n = 10) according to restorative material (resin composite or GIC) and toothpaste (F, F + HA, HA, or no-toothpaste control). Specimens underwent 14-day pH cycling at 37°C. Mineral density (MD), lesion depth (LD), surface roughness, morphology, and elemental composition were assessed by micro-CT, profilometry, SEM, and EDS. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results GIC produced greater MD gains and smaller LD increases than resin composite (p
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Evidence Hub reads this as a preprint, done in cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health. Reported size: 10 participants or records.
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