Algal biochar as a sorbent for the treatment of non-production dairy wastewater
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the potential of using biochar derived from Chlorella sp . algal biomass as an effective and environmentally friendly sorbent for the preliminary removal of contaminants present in acidic spent washing baths. The research included characterising the obtained biochars using SEM/EDS, an evaluation of sorption efficiency using solid - phase extraction, and an analysis of sorption kinetics in solutions. The SEM/EDS analysis revealed an increase in the porosity of the materials with rising process temperature, and the highest C + O+N content was observed for biochar produced at 600°C (92.45%). In the solid - phase extraction method, the best contaminant removal results were also obtained for the biochar produced at 600°C: OWO was reduced from 13.61 to 9.57 mg/dm³ (29.7%), sulfates from 108 to 35.3 mg/dm³ (67.3%), and chlorides from 35.1 to 5.3 mg/dm³ (84.9%). Kinetic analysis indicated that the sorption maximum was rapidly reached after 15–30 minutes due to the removal of all contaminants. The results confirm that biochar derived from Chlorella sp. algal biomass can be used as a material to aid in the treatment of acidic spent washing baths, but only as a preliminary or supplementary method. A novel aspect of this study is the use of biochar derived from Chlorella sp. algal biomass, which aligns with the principles of circular economy, as it enables the conversion of algal biomass into a useful sorbent to support wastewater…
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