Optimizing the fluoride removal from water using a novel adsorbent prepared from Waste Cerastoderma edule shell with Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic studies
Abstract
Abstract Conversion of waste materials into useful resource is emerging and development of a low-cost adsorbent from waste materials into useful adsorbent for defluoridation of water is no exception. The present research developed a new chemical-thermal activated adsorbent from calcium carbonate rich marine waste. Cerastoderma Edule shell material for defluoridation of water. Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array is applied to optimize the adsorption process for maximum (F-) removal from water. Analysis of mean using S/N ratios, provided optimum values of process parameters as temperature 30°C, initial (F-) concentration 20 ppm, dosage 4 g/L, pH 3, and contact time of 60 minutes for maximum removal efficiency of 94% with adsorbent capacity as 4.8 mg/g. Analysis of variance revealed the percentage contribution of parameters as Temperature 5.24%; Initial F concentration 16.78%; pH 25.49%; Dose 18.81%; and contact time 11.45%, showing pH as the most contributing parameter. For better understating of adsorption process using waste Cerastoderma Edule shell adsorbent, equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies are also conducted on optimum conditions. Equilibrium studies revealed it better fit to Freundlich isotherm signifying that the process involved multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Best fitting kinetic model pseudo-second order and the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven, favouring higher temperatures.…
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