Psychological variables of crossFit participants: an up-to-date systematic review
Abstract
Introduction: CrossFit® presents a relevant context for investigating psychological variables due to its characteristics, including high-intensity training, a competitive environment, strong social interaction, and a focus on performance and overcoming physical and mental limits. This systematic review aimed to broaden understanding of the psychological variables of CrossFit participants by identifying findings, methodologies, and existing research gaps.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251120994). Searches were performed in SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist.
Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, most of which employed a cross-sectional design. Exercise dependence was the most frequently investigated variable, with prevalence rates ranging from 14.4% to 25.2%. Intrinsic and self-determined motivation predominated among participants and were strongly associated with passion for the sport. Evidence also suggested positive effects on well-being and emotional self-efficacy. Conversely, competitive settings were associated with increased anxiety levels and negative mood changes. Preference and tolerance for high-intensity exercise were positively related to social support.
Conclusion: The…
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