Impact of pharmacist-led interventions on economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes (ECHO) in patients admitted to emergency departments: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The role of pharmacists in emergency departments (EDs) has undergone a significant transformation globally, expanding beyond traditional responsibilities to include various clinical activities that promise to enhance patient outcomes. However, the full potential of these interventions, particularly from economic, clinical, and humanistic (ECHO) perspectives, remains to be systematically explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on ECHO among patients admitted to the ED.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English that involved pharmacist interventions in EDs. Data were extracted on study design, pharmacist interventions, and patient outcomes. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) was used.
RESULTS
Twelve RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The studies were conducted predominantly in tertiary care settings in various countries. The most common interventions performed by pharmacists included medication reconciliation, obtaining medication histories, and patient education. The review showed that pharmacist interventions tend to improve medication safety and patient satisfaction but varied significantly in their…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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