Finerenone Beyond Diabetic Kidney Disease: Emerging Evidence and Potential Systemic Implications
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) overactivation is a key driver of inflammation, fibrosis, and organ cross-talk across cardiorenal disease. Finerenone, a selective non-steroidal MR antagonist, has demonstrated robust renoprotective and cardioprotective benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes in large randomized clinical trials. Beyond its established role in diabetic kidney disease, emerging preclinical and clinical data suggest potential systemic effects through the attenuation of MR-driven inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. These include signals related to heart failure outcomes, atrial remodeling, pulmonary vascular biology, retinal microvascular integrity, and metabolic dysfunction. However, much of the evidence beyond established cardiorenal indications remains exploratory, based on preclinical studies, subgroup analyses, and post hoc evaluations. This review provides a critical synthesis of the established clinical evidence supporting finerenone in CKD and cardiovascular disease. It examines emerging, hypothesis-generating data regarding its potential systemic effects beyond diabetic kidney disease.
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