Cyclic fatigue resistance, number of uses, and morphological/chemical analysis of RCS Rainbow Files, VDW Rotate and ProTaper Ultimate: in vitro study
Abstract
Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance and number of uses post-sterilization of three rotary systems: ProTaper Ultimate, VDW Rotate, and RCS Rainbow Files. The study also sought to assess surface topography and chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).
Methods: The cyclic fatigue resistance was evaluated using simulated artificial canal. The number of uses post-sterilization was evaluated using ninety extracted human upper and lower molars selected under strict inclusion criteria. Standardized root canal instrumentation was performed, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at four moments including: unused instrument (baseline), after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd uses, and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis only for unused instruments. The data were subjected to a normality test, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc analysis, with a significance level set at α ≤ 0.05.
Results: It was found that RCS Rainbow One Files and VDW Rotate exhibited significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance compared to ProTaper Ultimate (P = 0.0006). Despite this, all systems exhibited increased surface deterioration and susceptibility to fracture after repeated uses and autoclave sterilization, without significant difference in total fractures number among the groups; SEM analysis revealed progressive surface deterioration, microcrack formation, and deformation after…
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