Influence of DOM on Cd speciation during soil weathering in Permian strata: A case study in Xingwen County, Southern Sichuan Province, China
Abstract
Minerals and dissolved organic matter (DOM) both influence cadmium (Cd) migration in soil. Previous studies have often treated DOM and minerals as independent factors affecting Cd behavior, with no systematic research on their synergistic evolution during weathering and its impact on Cd speciation. This study analyzed 3497 regional topsoil samples, 41 targeted topsoil samples, and a complete bedrock-to-topsoil weathering profile from Permian strata using geochemical analysis, sequential extraction, mineralogical techniques (XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR), and advanced DOM characterization (EEM-PARAFAC, FT-ICR-MS). It aims to reveal how the synergistic evolution of DOM and minerals within specific geological and weathering settings influences Cd enrichment. Results indicated that with increasing Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values, Cd speciation shifted from organic-bound forms (F4+F6) to Fe-Mn oxide-bound forms (F5). This transformation was accompanied by DOM evolution toward microbial-derived components (C2, II) and enrichment of secondary minerals (e.g., MnO). Intensive weathering of pure limestone in the Maokou Formation (P1m) simultaneously generated highly reactive Fe-Mn oxides and microbial-derived DOM, resulting in exceptionally high Cd enrichment efficiency. We established a complete process chain demonstrating how DOM-mineral synergistic evolution under geological weathering drives Cd enrichment and morphological transformation.
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