A unified theory of restrictive and addictive eating: a life course model integrating generational transmission, neurodevelopmental risk, and ultra-processed food use disorder-a theoretical review
Abstract
Background: Eating disorders (EDs) and ultra-processed food use disorder (UPFUD) have traditionally been examined as separate entities, resulting in ongoing tension between two primary perspectives: (1) dietary restraint as the main driver of loss-of-control eating pathology, and (2) the influence of the contemporary food environment, combined with stressors, as the driver of addiction-like food consumption. Both perspectives acknowledge developmental trauma as a key predisposing factor.
Methods: Drawing from relevant articles in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases, this theoretical review combines evidence from trauma, neurodevelopmental, eating disorder, and addiction research. Relevant articles are synthesized to propose a unified life course model. The model integrates these perspectives by outlining developmental trajectories that originate from shared risk factors, diverge along distinct pathways, and may ultimately converge into similar behavioral presentations.
Results: The Restrictive Eating Pathway typically progresses from generational trauma through parental symptoms of rigid/disordered eating patterns and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) familial traits. In this context, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may further influence conditions conducive to dieting and eating disorder (ED) symptoms. This may culminate in pathologically restrictive eating patterns, which may include addictive processes. The Addictive Eating Pathway…
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