Empagliflozin and hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate combination therapy improves outcomes in Black patients with heart failure
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Black patients experience a disproportionately high incidence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), where vasodilators serve as a key therapeutic strategy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study based on medical records of Black patients with HFrEF and an ex vivo analysis of mouse thoracic aorta stimulated with empagliflozin (empa) and hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN).
RESULTS
The combination synergistically activated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production in the ex vivo thoracic aorta and improved kidney function, reduced brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and lowered mortality compared to H-ISDN alone in HFrEF patients.
CONCLUSION
Empa + H-ISDN offered superior benefits in Black patients with HFrEF, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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