Glaucoma Animal Models
Abstract
Introduction 1.1 Glaucoma is a progressive neuropathyGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy that is considered to be the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.This disease is characterized by selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and a progressive loss of vision.Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical risk factor for glaucoma progression, and its lowering has become a major focus of intervention.However, many patients continue to lose vision despite IOP management.Additionally, some patients develop what is known as normal tension glaucoma, which is not associated with increased IOP.Taken together, the continued deterioration of some patients' vision despite IOP management as well as the incidence of normal tension glaucoma illustrate that several pressure-independent mechanisms are responsible for the development and progression of glaucomatous neuropathy (Pinar-Sueiro & Vecino, 2010).Glaucoma is difficult to study in humans.The damage present at the time of diagnosis precludes the study of disease development from onset.Additionally, obtaining retinas at equivalent pathologic states is rare, confounding comparisons and limiting conclusions.For these reasons, the development of animal models has been necessary for the study of the pathophysiology of glaucoma.Animal studies have articulated the mechanisms of the formation and evacuation of aqueous humour as well as the maintenance of intra-ocular pressure, thereby informing glaucoma etiology and…
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