Comparative efficacy of ClinproTM clear fluoride treatment and DuraphatTM varnish as remineralizing agents for white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study
Abstract
Introduction Fixed orthodontic appliances increase plaque accumulation and the risk of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Although Duraphat™ Varnish (22,600 ppm fluoride) is widely used for WSLs management, limited evidence exists regarding the remineralization efficacy of the newer Clinpro™ Clear Fluoride Treatment (9,500 ppm fluoride). Objective To compare the remineralization efficacy of Duraphat™ Varnish, single-application Clinpro™ Clear, double-application Clinpro™ Clear, and a no-treatment control on artificial WSLs adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Methods Sixty-eight extracted human premolars were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 17 each). Following artificial lesion formation, specimens received the assigned fluoride treatment and underwent a 7-day pH-cycling regimen. Remineralization was assessed using Vickers surface microhardness, polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed using Welch ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Duraphat™ Varnish demonstrated significantly greater hardness recovery than single-application Clinpro™ Clear (p < 0.001) and the no-treatment control (p < 0.001). Double-application Clinpro™ Clear produced significantly greater remineralization than a single application (p < 0.05) and achieved outcomes approaching those of Duraphat™ Varnish (p < 0.05). These findings were supported by percentage hardness recovery and…
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