Clinical information displays to improve ICU outcomes
Abstract
PURPOSE: In a previous study, we compared a prototype ecological display (ED) that represented physiological data in a structured pictorial format with two bar graph displays [J.A. Effken, Improving clinical decision making through ecological interfaces, Ecol. Psych. 18 (2006) 283-318]. In ED and the first bar graph display, data were grouped hierarchically based on a cognitive work analysis (CWA); in the second bar graph display they were grouped as usually collected. Treatment efficiency (i.e., percentage of time seven variables in the CWA model were in target range) improved similarly with the two displays incorporating the CWA order for intensive care unit (ICU) residents, but not for novice ICU nurses. Hypothesized reasons for this result included: insufficient practice with novel displays; use of identical histories across displays; insufficient clinical knowledge; and the variables used in the efficiency analysis, which included only one of ED's four integrated design elements. In the current study we tested these hypotheses.
METHODS: We asked ICU nurses assigned to three knowledge groups based on intensive care and hemodynamic monitoring pretests to identify and treat oxygenation problems presented via ED and the first bar graph display (BGD) in an experimental laboratory simulation. We measured the impact of display, clinical scenario, data level, knowledge, presentation order, and practice extent on event recognition, treatment efficiency, cognitive workload, and…
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