Phytochemical‐Mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Cheilocostus speciosus and Gardenia gummifera: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation Through In Silico and In Vitro Approaches
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts of two Indian medicinal plants, Cheilocostus speciosus (CS) and Gardenia gummifera (GG), for the first time. The environmentally sustainable synthesis of CuO NPs from Cu(NO3)2 uses phytochemical capping and stabilizing properties. UV‐DRS, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR), XPS, SEM‐EDS, and TEM‐SAED confirmed CS‐CuO and GG‐CuO NP structure and morphology. UV‐DRS diffuse reflectance spectra show two absorption bands at 218–350 and 406–554 nm. Functional group studies of CS‐CuO and GG‐CuO NPs were done using FT‐IR. XRD patterns of CS‐CuO and GG‐CuO NPs show monoclinic phases and average sizes of 4.62 and 11.85 nm. Morphological studies used SEM‐EDX and TEM‐SAED. Biosynthesized CuO‐NPs were tested against Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. CS‐ and GG‐CuO NPs inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with 18‐ and 16‐mm zones, respectively. Bioinspired CuO NPs kill many bacterial strains, making them useful in nanobiotechnology. Molecular modelling determined the S. aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase receptor's bonding affinity and inhibition probability with phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. In silico pharmacokinetics studies and prediction of physiochemical parameters predicted the drug‐likeness and non‐toxic behavior of the phytochemicals. Overall, current research demonstrates an environmentally sustainable synthesis…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a simulation / modelling, done in cell cultures (in vitro) and computer models (in silico), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
Read the paper
Related studies
- The Matrisome: In Silico Definition and In Vivo Characterization by Proteomics of Normal and Tumor Extracellular Matrices
- The Escherichia coli MG1655 in silico metabolic genotype: Its definition, characteristics, and capabilities
- In silico pharmacology for drug discovery: methods for virtual ligand screening and profiling
- In silico prediction of splice-altering single nucleotide variants in the human genome
- In silico clinical trials: how computer simulation will transform the biomedical industry
- In silico optimization of a guava antimicrobial peptide enables combinatorial exploration for peptide design
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.