Antibiotic prescribing patterns and antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections: An observational study
Abstract
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a widespread clinical issue in the community and one of the frequent causes of outpatient antibiotic use.The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is a major risk to the overall health of the world since it undermines the current treatment methods and increases the chances of developing complications and death.This research seeks to gain insight into the local prescribing rate, study the nature of bacteria associated with UTI, and assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance.The study was a retrospective and cross-sectional observational study involving outcomes of urine culture on patients with UTI symptoms among four laboratories, as referred by 12 physicians in Duhok and Erbil.64% of the samples of the urine culture produced gram-negative possibilities, and 36 percent produced gram-positive possibilities.Among the isolated gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli was the commonest.Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent among the gram-positive isolates.Cefixime and ciprofloxacin, along with nitrofurantoin, were the highly prescribed antibiotics.This indicated that resistance to amikacin (6%), levofloxacin (13%), and nitrofurantoin (14%) was the lowest, with a large degree of intermediate sensitivity.This study showed that the incidence of growing resistance to antibiotics by uropathogenic bacteria is worrisome with regard to commonly used antibiotics.The tendency of growing resistance highlights the urgency of the need to increase…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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