Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure Treated With Empagliflozin
Abstract
PURPOSE
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality and pose economic burden. This study aims to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of biomarkers in patients with CAD and HF treated with empagliflozin.
METHODS
In a prospective, case-control study, 180 participants were divided into 3 groups: patients with stable angina (CAD) and patients with HF on empagliflozin 10 mg daily for 6 months compared with healthy controls. Biomarker levels were measured at baseline, with hospital readmission rates monitored over 30 and 90 days. Stepwise logistic regression was used to predict hospital readmissions with and without participant clinical features. All relevant independent variables were then included in a single model using multiple logistic regression.
FINDINGS
Significant differences in biomarker profiles were observed across groups, indicating the differential significance of these biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic aspects. Multinomial logistic regression identified 3 biomarkers as key diagnostic markers for CAD and HF: homocysteine (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 16.5 for CAD), fetuin A (RRR = 1.1 for HF), and visfatin (RRR = 30.4 and 23.1 for CAD and HF, respectively). Prognostic analysis by multiple logistic regression identified visfatin (odds ratio = 6.5) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (odds ratio = 1.9) as significant predictors of hospital readmission for patients with CAD and HF,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 180 participants or records.
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