Effectiveness of Empagliflozin-Linagliptin Fixed-Dose Combination on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting
Abstract
Introduction: Optimal management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Certain antihyperglycemic agents, such as empagliflozin, provide additional kidney protection beyond glycemic control, while linagliptin is renal-safe and associated with reductions in albuminuria. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes (at least one year) for CKD and T2DM with the innovator fixed-dose combination (FDC) of empagliflozin and linagliptin in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i)-naïve T2DM subjects who were previously uncontrolled on a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-i)-based regimen. Methods: The study included case record analyses of T2DM patients followed in the outpatient setting for at least 12 months. Glycemic control and renal parameters, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), eGFR slope, and changes in urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), were evaluated. Results: A total of 433 eligible case records were analyzed. Of the study participants, 63.3% were male, 54.1% had hypertension (HTN), and 10.3% had established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 1.5% was observed from a baseline mean of 8.3 ± 1.7%, along with a mean body-weight reduction of 3.3 kg over 12 months of combination therapy. At baseline, the mean eGFR was 82.0 mL/min/1.73 m², with 20% of patients having an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m².…
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