Advances in human norovirus research: Vaccines, genotype distribution and antiviral strategies
Abstract
• A comprehensive review of the basic structure, pathogenic characteristics, clinical manifestations, immune response mechanisms, and vaccine research of norovirus. • A detailed description of the transmission routes, genetic classification, genotypes, and serotypes of norovirus, as well as its global epidemic situation. • Discussion of the prevention and treatment of norovirus infection, including personal hygiene, vaccination, and antiviral drugs. • Provides the latest progress in norovirus research, providing guidance for subsequent research. Norovirus , belonging to the Caliciviridae family, is a non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It is widely acknowledged as a significant etiological agent responsible for non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis and considered a major cause thereof. Norovirus is primarily tranmitted via fecal-oral route, but can also be transmitted via airborne routes. Clinical manifestations often include symptoms associated with acute gastroenteritis, like nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and others. Due to the specific pathogenic mechanism of the virus, and genomic diversity, there are currently no preventive vaccines or effective antiviral drugs available for treating norovirus-induced acute gastroenteritis infections. The management of such infections mainly relies on oral rehydration therapy while prevention necessitates adherence to personal hygiene measures. The present paper discusses the nature, transmission…
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