Facial Proportions in Stunted and Non-Stunted Children Aged 7–72 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
Highlights What are the main findings? Stunted children had significantly shorter vertical facial dimensions (N–SN and SN–M) compared to non-stunted children. No significant differences were observed in horizontal facial dimensions (zygomatic and intergonion width) between groups. What is the implication of the main finding? Vertical facial measurements may serve as supportive indicators for early detection of childhood stunting. Facial proportion analysis offers a non-invasive and feasible approach for integration into community-based growth monitoring programs. Abstract Stunting is a chronic growth disorder that not only affects height but may also impair craniofacial development. Facial proportions, especially in the vertical dimension, may provide additional anthropometric insight into growth status among children. Objectives: To assess and compare the vertical and horizontal facial proportions of stunted and non-stunted children, and to explore the potential of facial dimensions as supportive indicators for early-stunting detection in community-based settings. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 266 children aged 7–72 months (mean age 42.63 ± 13.82 months) from several community health centers in Bandung, Indonesia. Children were categorized as stunted or non-stunted based on WHO height-for-age Z-scores. Facial dimensions were measured directly by calibrated pediatric dentistry residents using manual instruments. The vertical dimensions included…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 266 participants or records.
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