Comparison of Metformin combined with Empagliflozin or Sitagliptin on Glycemic Status, Renal Function, and Albumiuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mettitus
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently complicated by insulin resistance and early renal impairment, including albuminuria. Metformin is still the first-line treatment, but other drugs like sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are often needed as well. There is still not enough comparative evidence about how they affect the kidneys and metabolism in everyday clinical practice.Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin in conjunction with empagliflozin or sitagliptin on glycemic control, insulin resistance, renal function, and albuminuria in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 133 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were chosen and divided into two groups based on their current treatment: metformin combined with empagliflozin (n = 67) or metformin combined with sitagliptin (n = 66). We looked at glycemic indices, insulin levels, insulin resistance, beta cell function, renal function parameters, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.Results: Patients taking metformin and empagliflozin had much lower fasting serum glucose (p=0.005), insulin levels (p=0.002), and insulin resistance (p=0.001) than those taking metformin and sitagliptin. This shows that their insulin sensitivity improved. The studied groups had similar levels of HbA1c, beta cell function, and estimated glomerular…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 133 participants or records.
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