Ondansetron and Oral Rehydration Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Dehydration: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness [Internet]
Abstract
Dehydration occurs when losses of water and electrolytes are not adequately replaced,, often secondary to vomiting and diarrhea related to gastroenteritis. Severe dehydration and the resultant decreased blood volume results in decreased tissue perfusion and can cause ischemic end-organ damage if not corrected with fluid repletion. Oral rehydration solution was an important medical advance, resulting in decreased mortality from diarrheal illness.Several methods of defining and categorizing severity of dehydration have been used in the literature. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes dehydration as severe dehydration (two or more signs of severe dehydration), some dehydration (two or more signs of dehydration that are not severe), or no dehydration (not meeting the criteria for some or severe). The Clinical Dehydration Scale is a validated four-item scale categorizing dehydration as mild, moderate or severe according to physical exam findings; the clinical features assessed are appearance, eyes, mucous membranes, and tears. A score between 1 and 4 is considered mild dehydration, whereas a score of 5 to 8 is considered moderate to severe. Dehydration can also be categorized according to percentage of body weight lost; mild dehydration corresponds to a loss of 3% to 5% of body weight, moderate 6% to 9%, and severe 10% or greater.,Oral rehydration therapy refers to the frequent administration of small amounts of fluid in order to prevent or treat dehydration. The oral…
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