Motion Sickness in Children: A Narrative Review
Abstract
Motion sickness (MS) is a common yet often overlooked condition that impacts children, particularly during travel. This review summarizes current research on the prevalence, mechanisms, and effective management strategies for pediatric populations. MS usually presents with gastrointestinal and autonomic symptoms, mainly nausea and vomiting, which are responses to movement. School-aged children are most affected, with 40% to 50% experiencing MS. Infants are less likely to develop it, likely because their vestibular systems are still maturing. Additionally, certain medical conditions and pediatric disorders can raise the risk of MS. Factors also influencing MS include sex differences, genetic factors, and environmental and social influences. Management strategies include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmaceutical options, such as behavioral adjustments and appropriate seating positioning, should be prioritized for children. Pharmacological treatments such as antihistamines and anticholinergics are typically reserved for severe, resistant cases. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for pediatric-specific research to develop effective and safe treatment protocols and innovative therapies tailored for children. Future studies should also focus on refining diagnostic criteria in children, investigating genetic factors, and understanding the complexities of comorbid conditions.
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