A Diet Rich in Vegetables and Fruit and Incident CKD: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE
A diet rich in vegetables and fruit can lower blood pressure and may reduce cardiovascular risk. However, the association between this dietary pattern and incident chronic kidney disease in the general population is unknown.
STUDY DESIGN
A community-based prospective cohort study.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
9,229 study participants with normal kidney function from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study database.
PREDICTORS
Daily consumption of nonfermented and fermented vegetables and fruit classified into tertiles based on a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
OUTCOMES
Incident occurrence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60mL/min/1.73m2, incident proteinuria (≥1+ by dipstick test), and repeated measures of estimated net endogenous acid production.
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
Multivariable cause-specific hazards model to assess the association of vegetable and fruit intake with incident chronic kidney disease.
RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 8.2 years, 1,741 (21.9/1,000 person-years [PY]) participants developed eGFRs < 60mL/min/1.73m2. Incident eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73m2 occurred less frequently with higher intake of nonfermented vegetables, occurring at rates of 22.8/1,000 PY, 22.7/1,000 PY, and 20.1/1,000 PY for the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles, respectively; P for trend < 0.001. The incidence of proteinuria was also lower in the middle and highest tertiles. In a multivariable cause-specific hazards model, the highest…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 9,229 participants or records.
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