Is Primary Mycobacterium avium Complex Prophylaxis Necessary in Patients with CD4 < 50 Cells/μL Who Are Virologically Suppressed on cART?
Abstract
We analyzed 369 patients with no prior Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection and CD4 60 days and 19% had HIV RNA 10,000 copies/mL. Eleven patients had MAC infection within 6 months baseline (rate=0.6/100 person months): 4/175 on MAC prophylaxis vs. 7/194, no MAC prophylaxis (p=0.64). Of the 11 patients, seven had HIV RNA >10,000, and three >1000–9999 copies/mL at baseline (one missing). Median time to MAC infection was 62 days (IQR 43–126, maximum 139 days). No MAC infection occurred among 71 (19%) patients virologically suppressed (HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL) at baseline, including 41 patients with no MAC prophylaxis during follow-up. A small number of eligible virologically suppressed participants and the lack of data on cART/MAC prophylaxis adherence limited our observational nonrandomized study. Primary MAC prophylaxis may not be required for cART-virologically suppressed patients with CD4 <50 cells/mL.
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