Four-year antibiogram analysis of priority pathogens: guiding empirical therapy and monitoring resistance trends
Abstract
Antibiograms are essential surveillance tools for monitoring institutional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and supporting antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS). This study analyzed 4 years (2020-2023) of cumulative and subtraction antibiograms to describe local susceptibility trends among priority bacterial pathogens in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in western India. A retrospective observational study was conducted using the first-isolate-per-patient-per-year methodology in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M39 guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and automated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-based systems, with colistin tested exclusively by broth microdilution. Cumulative and subtraction antibiograms were generated for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus species. Data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 5,530 priority pathogen isolates were included. Gram-negative organisms demonstrated high resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems, particularly K. pneumoniae, consistent with a substantial carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales burden. Non-fermenters showed persistently low β-lactam susceptibility. Glycopeptides and linezolid retained high in vitro activity against gram-positive organisms. Colistin and tigecycline demonstrated high in…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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