Supplemental choline and methionine for dairy cattle: effects on performance, liver FAT content and gene expression, and plasma amino acid and choline metabolite concentrations
Abstract
The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) determine markers of post-ruminal choline supply so that bioavailability of rumen-protected choline (RPC) sources can be calculated in lactating cows and 2) investigate the production performance and metabolic effects of supplemental choline, methionine, or both on periparturient dairy cows. Observations from Experiment 1 indicated that of the 26 choline metabolites investigated, including 16 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 4 species of lysophosphatidylcholine, free choline and betaine in blood and milk were most responsive to post-ruminal choline supplied via abomasal infusion. However, RPC did not elicit changes in blood or milk choline metabolites, even at the very high doses tested in Experiment 2. These results suggest that choline supplied as RPC is absorbed differently than choline supplied via abomasal infusion, that RPC is over-protected such that choline supplied in this form is not available to the cow, or that responses to RPC vary depending physiological state of the cow. Results from Experiment 2 indicated that primi- and multiparous cows respond differently to supplemental choline and methionine fed during the periparturient period. Feeding RPC to primiparous cows increased milk yield, while feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) had minimal effects on production. In contrast, RPM improved milk components and fat-corrected milk yield for multiparous cows. These observations suggest that primi- and…
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