Synergistic attenuation of complete freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammation in mice using shinbaro-pelubiprofen: a novel therapeutic complex
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical protective response in the body, essential for combating infections and healing injuries. However, chronic inflammation can be harmful and significantly contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases, with macrophage-mediated responses being central to these processes. This study presents “SBR-Pel,” a new therapeutic blend of Shinbaro tab (SBR), a traditional herbal formula, and pelubiprofen (Pel), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and investigated their combined anti-inflammatory effects to create a treatment that both improves efficacy and reduces side effects. To this end, we performed both in vitro and in vivo analyses, utilizing a mouse model of inflammation. Viability and cytotoxicity assays, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, nociception assays, writhing tests, and blood biochemical analyses were performed. In vitro, SBR-Pel synergistically reduced the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SBR-Pel also significantly attenuated paw edema in vivo in a Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammation model in adult mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses showed that treatment with SBR-Pel reduced both the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues. Additionally, compared with individual treatment alone, SBR-Pel enhanced…
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