Pathophysiology updates: gastroduodenal injury and repair mechanisms
Abstract
Purpose of review: Although the mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host, little is known about the repair of acute, superficial lesions or deeper, persistent lesions that if not healed, can be the site of increased permeability to luminal antigens, inflammation, and/or neoplasia development.
Recent findings: Recent studies on acute superficial lesions have focused on calcium signaling and focal adhesion kinase, which regulate cell migration and controlled matrix adhesion during restitution. Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip and gut-on-a-chip models continued in development to support reductionist studies of epithelial-bacterial and/or epithelial-immune cell interactions during mucosal barrier disruption. In fact, these models may allow personalized medicine studies in the future using patient-derived cells to evaluate injury and repair mechanisms. Work done in the past year evaluated the safety and efficacy of acid blocking drugs on ulcer healing, with new animal studies providing evidence that each drug affects the microbiome in a different way that can be correlated with its efficacy in ulcer healing. Lastly, work to understand the way in which mature epithelial cells or committed stem cells dedifferentiate, reprogram, proliferate, and then regenerate the gastroduodenal mucosa after injury was a major focus of studies in the past year.
Summary: Recent studies highlight novel mechanisms that promote restitution and mucosal regeneration…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study
- Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis: a cohort study
- Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study
- Postsurgical prescriptions for opioid naive patients and association with overdose and misuse: retrospective cohort study
- Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank
- Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.