Comprehensive review of diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiology, current management, and emerging therapeutic approaches
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycaemia, results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This comprehensive review examines the pathophysiology of diabetes, highlighting new therapies for DM and other forms of the disease. It outlines current management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and monitoring techniques aimed at achieving optimal glycaemic control and minimizing complications. Furthermore, it explores emerging therapeutic approaches, such as novel pharmacotherapies, technological advancements in insulin delivery and glucose monitoring, and potential curative strategies like beta-cell replacement and gene therapy. By synthesizing the latest research and clinical guidelines, this review provides a comprehensive overview of diabetes mellitus, aiming to inform and guide healthcare professionals in the effective management and treatment of this prevalent condition.
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