Design, Synthesis, and Trypanosomicidal Evaluation of Eugenol-Based Azole Hybrids: Discovery of an In Vitro Active and Selective Compound
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health concern in Latin America and beyond, with limited treatment options and high morbidity in chronic stages. Currently, benznidazole remains the first-line therapy for Chagas disease but exhibits considerable limitations, including dose-dependent toxicity and poor efficacy in long-term infections. In response to the pressing need for safer and more effective therapies, this study reports the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 17 novel eugenol-based hybrid compounds ( 18 – 34 ), strategically constructed by integrating pharmacophoric features from nitroaromatic trypanosomicidal agents, azole-based CYP51 inhibitors, and the phenylpropanoid core of eugenol. The synthetic sequence included key steps such as nitration, O -alkylation, epoxidation, nucleophilic epoxide opening, and CuAAC reactions to afford 1,2,4-triazole-, imidazole-, and 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids. All compounds were structurally characterized by IR, HRMS, and NMR spectroscopy. Biological assays were performed against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi (Y strain), revealing compound-dependent antiparasitic profiles. Hybrid 29, bearing benzyl and nitro substituents on an imidazole ring, emerged as the most active candidate (EC 50 = 26.5 μmol·L –1 ) with a selectivity index exceeding 49. Enantioseparation by chiral HPLC enabled the isolation of (+)-29 and…
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