Genotypic Detection of qnrA and qnrC Genes in Citrobacter koseri Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection
Abstract
The urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent infection that affects people of all ages. Bacterial agents are the most common causes of UTIs. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other staphylococcal species, Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri (C. koseri) account for a smaller number of infections. These pathogens are transported into the urinary tract from the colonic biotope into dysbacteriosis. Urine samples were randomly collected from 249 outpatients who were suspected of having UTIs. After genital cleaning, 10 mL of urine specimens were collected in a sterilized bowel. Then, the specimens were centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 5 min and the residue was aerobically incubated with the broth infusion of brain flasks at 37°C for 24 h and then applied with a sterile ring onto blood agar plates and MacConkey agar (OxoidTM). Out of 249 urine samples, the results proved that there were 176 (70.7%) and 51(20.5%) gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria isolates, respectively. However, the results demonstrated that there were 22 (8.8%) urine samples with no growth. In addition, the results showed that eight various antimicrobials are used to treat C. koseri. In the current study, C. koseri was treated with eight different antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial resistance rate for 7 isolates against Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin was high for 6 (85.71%) isolates. The results indicated that 6 and 5 isolates had…
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