Integrated Management Strategies for Hypertension and Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and hypertension frequently coexist and substantially elevate the risk of cardiovascular complications due to interconnected metabolic and vascular mechanisms. The combined presence of these conditions accelerates atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory processes, leading to an increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Existing literature primarily emphasizes individual therapeutic interventions, while limited evidence explores the combined impact of pharmacological treatments and system-level strategies in real-world clinical settings. This study evaluates evidence on therapeutic approaches and integrated care models in relation to cardiovascular outcomes among affected populations. A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted without meta-analysis, incorporating 10 studies identified through structured database searches, screened according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale where appropriate. Across the included studies, evidence clustered around three main themes: pharmacological cardioprotection, cardiometabolic risk-factor stability, and integrated care delivery. The findings indicate that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists were associated with more favorable cardiovascular profiles compared to conventional glucose-lowering therapies. Stable…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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