A Successfully Treated Case of Mycobacterium chelonae Pulmonary Infection and a Literature Review (1990-2025)
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the pharmaceutical interventions conducted by clinical pharmacists in the case of a 59-year-old patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and a suspected infection, focusing on pathogen identification and the formulation of a safe and effective treatment plan.
Methods: Through clinical consultation, pharmacists conducted an evaluation of the patient's underlying conditions and clinical manifestations, leading to the suspicion of a high probability of Mycobacterium chelonae infection. Consequently, they recommended a treatment regimen in accordance with guidelines for non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, consisting of azithromycin 0.5 g and moxifloxacin 0.4 g administered orally once daily, accompanied by dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.
Results: The patient became afebrile by day 3. At day 14, inflammatory markers had normalised, and no clinically significant adverse drug reactions were observed during short-term follow-up.
Conclusion: In this case, PTseq supported early hypothesis generation and timely antimicrobial stewardship. The azithromycin-moxifloxacin regimen was associated with short-term clinical improvement; however, confirmatory microbiologic evidence, susceptibility guidance, and longer follow-up are needed before drawing generalized conclusions.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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