Effects of the Selective Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin on Vascular Function and Central Hemodynamics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
rom a clinical perspective, type 2 diabetes mellitus might also be regarded as a vascular disease, characterized by increased arterial stiffness.Empagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor shown to improve glycemic control after short-and long-term treatment.1 In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), a prospective randomized double-blind study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease, treatment with empagliflozin reduced the primary combined cardiovascular end point (3P-MACE [3-point major adverse cardiovascular event]), as well as secondary end points of hospitalization because of heart failure, cardiovascular morbidity, total mortality, and renal end points.2 We tested the hypothesis that improvements of vascular function and stiffness are involved in the observed improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin treatment.In this investigator-initiated prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover, interventional single-center trial, 76 female and male patients (18-75 years of age) with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to either empagliflozin 25 mg orally once daily or placebo for 6 weeks, followed by the second 6-week treatment with the other compound (crossover).In 64 patients, any antidiabetic agent was withdrawn 4 weeks before the baseline examination.We analyzed the effects…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 71 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Death in a Population Cohort Study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa
- Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- A methodology for assessing deployment trauma and its consequences in OEF/OIF/OND veterans: The TRACTS longitudinal prospective cohort study
- Post‑COVID‑19 Syndrome in Outpatients: a Cohort Study
- Factors Influencing Primary and Secondary Implant Stability—A Retrospective Cohort Study with 582 Implants in 272 Patients
- Electroacupuncture for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.